(Eds), Consumer Tribes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. Patience, on the other hand, was needed since festival attendance involved lots of queuing and waiting. (July 10, 2020). The final part of practices is appropriate behavior at festivals. He notes that the majority of the touring schedule for a band like the Offspring, which played Woodstock 99, now consists of festival performances. As music festivals have taken off in popularity, these kids of experiences have become a key feature of cultural life in America. Regarding the artistic offer, the festival field in Finland can be seen as a thriving context, when hundreds of not-for-profit and for-profit organizations produce artistic content throughout the country (Amberla, 2013). Campers organized activities like football and frisbee and all kinds of drinking games (Pekka), which made socializing and getting to know each other easier. Finland Festivals (2020), Festivaalien kyntimrt 2019, [Amount of festival visits 2019], available at: http://www.festivals.fi/tilastot/festivaalien-kayntimaarat-2019/ (accessed 28 August 2020). Four Omaha area bands were featured on a local stage at the festival: Jes Winter Band, Noah's Ark Was A . The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. A non-profit, Newports proceeds are sent to the Newport Festivals Foundation and to charity. (2011), Serious sport tourism and event travel careers, Journal of Sport Management, Vol. In the U.S., over the past five years consumer spending on live entertainment has grown 7% annually, providing strong structural tailwinds to drive increased demand for concerts globally. Festivals in the UK industry statistics Biggest companies in the Festivals industry in the UK and Caltabiano, M.L. The evolution of active-sport-event travel careers, Tramps like us: Music and Meaning Among Springsteen Fans, Examining the festival attributes that impact visitor experience, satisfaction and re-visit intention, Sport fan attachment and the Psychological Continuum Model: a case study of an Australian football league fan, Understanding Fandom: An Introduction to the Study of Media Fan Culture, Popular Music Fandom: Identities, Roles and Practices. However, there were approximately 50,000 individuals participating in the festival since the same people attended the festival for several days. 23-39. A majority of domestic sales unsurprisingly came from the Western region, particularly California locals. Within the last decade, music festivals have grown into a major moneymaker in a competitive industry that sees hundreds of such events each year in the U.S. In addition, Pauli is a good example of other competing priorities. Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done? If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. 2, pp. 211-220. 68-73. For instance, competing priorities defined by Lamont et al. 1, pp. Leisure career studies, on the other hand, concentrate heavily on sports events (Buning and Gibson, 2015; Getz and Patterson, 2013) as if career development in a hobby would require a measurable activity. Furthermore, being able to control one's own alcohol consumption meant that the festivalgoer was able to see the performances, and not to miss them as Pekka illustrated: Sometimes it happened that an evening was kind of totally blacked out since you had drunk so much that you didnt remember anything of the evening's program, but nowadays it is fortunately really rare. Elevent. Lollapalooza has seen an international audience from an average of 15 countries, while the CMA Music Festival brings in fans from four outside nations. 4, pp. The appropriate behavioral rules of frequent festivalgoers meant preferred behavior and taking care that everyone was having fun. N3C1,%8Q(Vp. (2012) concentrated on the competing priorities causing challenges in the pursuit of an event travel career, while Buning and Gibson (2015), Patterson et al. Location: Del Mar, California. In the context of the present study, frequent music festival attendance is expected to fulfil the characteristics of festival career development: if the introduction to festivals that is, the first festival experience was positive, it might lead to extensive festival attendance where the participant seeks new, positive and inspiring experiences at festivals. (2009), An examination of serious participants at the Australian Wintersun festival, Leisure Studies, Vol. Taking second place with an attendance of about 2.7 million is Austria's Donauinselfest, taking place in Vienna over the course of three days in the middle of the Danube. For individual content and infographics in your Corporate Design, And alongside their rise in popularity, hundreds of smaller, niche or genre-specific festivals have flourished. The Statista "Chart of the Day" currently focuses The average number of festivals they attended in a year was 2. Music itself has changed, as well, making festivals a bigger attraction for listeners. (Mean ratings on a 0-4 scale, where 0 = Experienced the benefit . Attendance at the 2019 event, which took place Aug. 1-11 was 1,226,000, topping the previous record of 1,196,000 set in 2017. Simply copy the HTML code that is shown for the relevant statistic in order to integrate it. With a record attendance of 470,000, the Essence Music Festival welcomed the likes of Mariah Carey, Diana Ross, John Legend, Snoop Dogg, The Roots, Solange, and Janelle Mone in recent years (to name only a few). This is not essential in music festival attendance. Jul 2019. From the praxis point of view, the study indicates that frequent festivalgoers as loyal festival fans have the potential to contribute to various phases of festival production since they are considered as professionals in festival attendance. . Kinnunen, M., Homi, H. and Honkanen, A. Getz and Andersson (2010, 2020) argued that progress in an event career is first and foremost dependent on the level of involvement. 119-150. Magazines, Digital 28 No. internet, telecommunications and consumer electronics 7-30. Jones (2015) saw a postmodern music festival fan as a musical nomad who enjoyed the festival experience in general, not specific music per se. Magazines, Dolly Parton at the Newport Folk Festival, Or create a free account to access more articles, How Music Festivals Became a Massive Business in the 50 Years Since Woodstock. Social practices include bonding, bridging, the sense of community and belonging (cf. 2, pp. Denscombe, M. (2008), Communities of practice, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Vol. Source: wikimedia.org. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information Pitts, S.E. 171 Media/Press in Attendance 492 Sessions 8,274 Conference Attendees 4,653 Public Attendees 1,202 Speakers 79,525 Square Feet Exhibit Space 161 [Online]. Last year, it sold out both of its weekends for a cumulative attendance of 198,000 people. For example, Nina who has been following festival performances of the pop artist Antti Tuisku for 1 years, explained that I like to attend his gigs but I do not have a need to meet him or discuss with him. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). But the music festivals that have achieved a cultural cache are unlikely to recede from relevance anytime soon. July 10, 2020. There is an interesting implication chain: skills and knowledge developmentappropriate behaviorsocial practicesmodified motivesfrequent festival attendance. Vroomen, L. (2002), This Woman's Work: Kate Bush, Female Fans and Practices of Distinction, University of Warwick, Coventry. (2015) (see also Kinnunen et al., 2020). Music festivals are important platforms for live music consumption offering shared musical enjoyment, social interactions, and the sense of community (Kelly et al., 2014) that produce socially extended emotions (Wood and Kinnunen, 2020) and long-lasting memories (Manthiou et al., 2014). Stebbins, R.A. (1992), Amateurs, Professionals, and Serious Leisure, McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal. This was nearly double the capacity of Download, the second largest. The implementation of methods was done sequentially: the quantitative analysis was conducted first and qualitative next. 4, pp. The most important behavioral aspect was the essence of socializing. Henry, P. and Caldwell, M. (2007), Imprinting, incubation and intensification: factors contributing to fan club formation and continuance, in Cova, B., Kozinets, R.V. Ticketmaster / 6th June 2019 Festival Finder State of Play Reading & Leeds is the most attended festival Hill, R.L. Linking social capital, cultural capital and heterotopia at the folk festival, Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology, Better together: social connections mediate the relationship between fandom and well-being, Social constructions of value: marketing considerations for the context of event and festival visitation, Ideological, Social and Cultural Aspects of Events, Customer-to-customer co-creation practices in tourism: lessons from customer-dominant logic, Defining and designing mixed research synthesis studies, Music preferences, personality style, and developmental issues of adolescents, Heavy metal figurations: music consumption, subcultural control and civilizing processes, Does Gender Influence Online Survey Participation? See Figure 2 for concert attendances per attendee type. Thus, fans' performance (Duffett, 2013, p. 28) was part of the festival product, their behavior improved the product and consciously co-created the positive festival atmosphere. Festival attendance was an important element of frequent festivalgoers' social life. Attendance: 125,000 people. In respect to social aspects, festival communitas and social dimensions of festival attendance are recognised (Quinn and Wilks, 2016), but in the case of festival fans, the sense of belonging extends beyond the festival timeframe and it is currently undervalued. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. 208-224. (2006), Defining and designing mixed research synthesis studies, Research in the Schools, Vol. Kinnunen, M. (2018), Total Festival Experience: A Mixed Methods Research Approach to Consumer Experiences in Finnish Cultural Festivals, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi. HW5Wx,cI& The ideal entry-level account for individual users. 323-333. Looking at the unique number of booked artists, the distribution is similar: out of 9,651 booked artists, 36.3% are Electronic, 16.0% Rock, 12.7% Pop and 11.5% Hip Hop. Summerfests 2019 roster included Lionel Richie, The Killers, Jennifer Lopez, Billie Eilish, Lil Wayne, Snoop Dogg and The Nationala diverse enough group that does not rely on one genre or type of artist. 6, pp. A MannWhitney U-test showed that there were statistically significant differences (p0.01) in all statements' scores between the attendance frequency groups, except in the item Music often creates strong emotions in me (Table 3). The aspect of combining fandom and career development has been studied in the framework of serious leisure in football fandom (Jones, 2000) and rock n roll fanatics' festival participation (Mackellar, 2009), but according to our knowledge not in the context of music festivals in general. These are, on the other hand, core constituents of social sustainability as defined by Quinn and Wilks (2016) and Rihova et al. Currently, you are using a shared account. 7-20. The difference was statistically significant (2=8.77, p=0.003). The features and practices of festival fandom and career development were studied using a qualitative approach with interview data. 5, pp. 128-147. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEFM-08-2020-0050, Copyright 2021, Maarit Kinnunen, Antti Honkanen and Mervi Luonila, Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. 131 0 obj <> endobj xref Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 60m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. A paid subscription is required for full access. For arts or cultural festival attendees, it's a 12% difference. 35 No. The purpose of the present study was to find out how festival fandom and career development were involved in frequent music festival attendance. We stuck to our own blueprint and we havent changed a whole lot, he says. Qualitative analysis was executed using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006) for the interviews transcribed, since it was suited for analyzing those themes in more detail that were derived from literature of fandom and career development: motives and practices (social practices, skills and knowledge development, and appropriate behavior). D.Soc.Sc Maarit Kinnunen is a freelance festival researcher. Kelly, J.R., Iannone, N.E. Skills and knowledge development led to certain routines, which in turn influenced the participation motives so that frequent festivalgoers experienced a need for novelty. and Lee, U.-I. liability for the information given being complete or correct. please visit our agency website, Your contact to the Infographics Newsroom, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Our infographics team prepares current information in a clear and understandable format, Relevant facts covering media, economy, e-commerce, and FMCG topics, Use our newsletter overview to manage the topics that you have subscribed to. 6 No. Even more surprising, this means more people go to at least one U.S. music festival each year than the number of Americans who die each year. There are the big onesCoachella, Lollapalooza, Outside Lands, Governors Ballwith big-ticket prices, multiple stages, camping options and nearly endless lists of performers. 485-501. Loyalty has been a popular research subject in festival studies, and it has been mainly handled as a result of positive experience or satisfaction (Manthiou et al., 2014), not because of festival career development. 35 No. Quinn, B. and Wilks, L. (2016), Linking social capital, cultural capital and heterotopia at the folk festival, Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology, Vol. 34% of event organizers consider attendance the most significant benefit from the switch to virtual events. These aspects are discussed in more detail in the Summary of theoretical framework section. The study uses a mixed methods research approach and employs two theoretical frameworks: theories of career development and fandom. There were around 462,000 followers of the participating festivals in Facebook, whereas the total number of visits to these festivals was 564,000 [1] in 2018. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. The artist fandom was demonstrated by being in the front row and taking photos of their idols. Suomi, K., Luonila, M. and Thtinen, J. Lamont et al. The profile characteristics are in line with previous research conducted at Finnish music festivals (Kinnunen, 2018; Kinnunen et al., 2019a). Tjora, A. 74-85. Music festival attendance might also be a vehicle for various . Duffett, M. 11 No. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. Buning, R.J. and Gibson, H. (2015), The evolution of active-sport-event travel careers, Journal of Sport Management, Vol. Motivation changed with expertise: for instance, festival fans wanted to maintain the aspect of novelty (Getz, 2007; Getz and Andersson, 2020) by visiting new festivals in different locations. Its very artist-focused., While the overarching trend of consolidating music festivals under corporations has not touched some of the nations oldest festivals, it has affected the way audiences experience other events. In the case of frequent music festival attendance, the fan interest is the music festival experience in its entirety: live music, festival community, communal and relaxed atmosphere, as well as the liminality of the festival experience, when one's economic and social status, and everyday worries are left at the festival gate. Lashua, B., Spracklen, K. and Long, P. (2014), Introduction to the special issue: music and tourism, Tourist Studies, Vol. In career development, the most important aspects are changed behavior and motivation, sense of community with others and skills development (see Getz, 2008; Getz and McConnell, 2011; Mackellar, 2009). 2019. People are more likely now to spend money on experiences over material goods, he says, contending that sharing a clip from a Billie Eilish or Cardi B performance with ones Instagram followers is more gratifying than buying something expensive. This means that live music is an essential part of a frequent festivalgoer's life, like for Tiina who summarizes that I see the Finnish musical scene (laugh) so that the summer is predominantly the festival season and the winter is the time for club gigs and concerts. However, interviewees represented different types of frequent festival visitors: there was a volunteer worker (Tiina), music industry worker (Seppo), fans of artists (Sofia, Nina, Maria) and of a certain musical genre (Anna, Sofia), camping enthusiasts (Sofia, Pekka) and participants who set and measured their targets (Pauli, Sofia). Kinnunen, M., Honkanen, A. and Luonila, M. (2021), "Frequent music festival attendance: festival fandom and career development", International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. 4, pp. His Neighbors Sued Him, The Secret History of the Shadow Campaign That Saved the 2020 Election. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. 3, pp. 19 No. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date Past festivals 2009. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. It is important to note that these studies are related to being an active sports participant (not a spectator); that is, a runner, cyclist and so on. (2006), Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done?, Qualitative Research, Vol. 164-181. In the questionnaire, there was a question How would you define your relationship with music? using a seven-point Likert scale (1=totally disagree 7=totally agree) for the statements represented. (2016), The social rhythm of the rock music festival, Popular Music, Vol. Most successful worldwide music tours of all time as of November 2019, based on gross revenue (in million U.S. dollars) Highest grossing festivals worldwide in 2019 Highest grossing festivals. Frequent festivalgoers were open for social interaction to nurture the sense of community and belonging (see Social practices). Furthermore, Finns' attitudes, tastes and perceptions of festivals have not changed much along the years (see the report on the longitudinal Finnish Festival Barometer research in 20142018, Kinnunen et al., 2019b), except 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic caused the cancellation of summer festivals. industries; and "Economy and Society", which 16-20. 0000001066 00000 n Chirinos says that through help from large music conglomerates, festivals like Coachella and Bonnaroo have become akin to household brand names. 23-38. Career studies, on the other hand, concentrate heavily on sports events. 17 No. However, these fans did not try to meet their idols in person. The increased and internalized knowledge was implemented in the code of conduct. They were ready and willing to invest in festivals as an essential part of their lifestyle. There were some changes in motivations found in the participation data collected; mostly this was related to motives like the search for novelty. In frequent festival attendance, both festival career development and festival fandom are most clearly present in motivation development and social dimensions. ", Leading fee-based festivals in the Netherlands 2019, by number of visitors, Number of festivals in the Netherlands 2012-2020, Number of museum visitors in the Netherlands 2020, by collection type. [Online]. Knowledge, on the other hand, was an essential part of music fandom but it was not present in music festival fandom in the same way as in artist or genre fandom, where knowledge was tested and sometimes even a prerequisite for respect and approval from other fans (Sinclair and Dolan, 2015). Festivals have since evolved from the DIY, communal spirit of Woodstock, growing into mainstream businesses that reap profits and embrace corporate sponsorships, as more than 32 million people attend them each year, according to Billboard. Overall, the music industry sector generated $23.1 billion in revenue in 2019 with recorded music according to IFPI data. 1, pp. The origins of music festivals date back to ancient Greece, where such events often involved competitions in music, arts and sports. The sense of community is related to a festival-specific liminoid zone that is restricted by space and time (Getz, 2007). You can only download this statistic as a Premium user. Large corporate live music promoters, such as Live Nation or AEG Live, have, in recent years, acquired hefty controlling stakes in some of the countrys biggest festivals. Their organizational capacity helps to manage ticketing and other factors that come into play in organizing a festival. 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